Reservations in Alberta are a significant part of the province's history and ongoing efforts towards reconciliation with Indigenous peoples. The history of reservations in Alberta dates back to the late 19th century when the Canadian government began to establish reserves for the various First Nations groups living in the region. Today, there are over 140 reserves in Alberta, covering approximately 600,000 hectares of land, with a total registered Indian population of around 116,000 people.
History of Reservations in Alberta
The establishment of reservations in Alberta was a result of the Indian Act of 1876, which aimed to assimilate Indigenous peoples into European-Canadian society. The Act led to the creation of the Department of Indian Affairs, which was responsible for managing the lives of Indigenous peoples, including the allocation of land for reserves. The Treaty 6 and Treaty 7 agreements, signed in 1876 and 1877 respectively, were instrumental in the creation of many reservations in Alberta. These treaties promised land, provisions, and services to the signatory First Nations in exchange for their agreement to share their land with European settlers.
Treaty 6 and Treaty 7 Reserves
Treaty 6 and Treaty 7 reserves in Alberta cover a significant portion of the province. The reserve system was designed to provide a place for Indigenous peoples to live and farm, while also facilitating their assimilation into Canadian society. However, the reserve system has been widely criticized for its failure to provide adequate land, resources, and services to the First Nations people. Many reserves in Alberta continue to face challenges related to poor living conditions, limited access to education and healthcare, and high levels of unemployment.
| Reserve | Location | Population |
|---|---|---|
| Samson Cree Nation | Maskwacis | 8,032 |
| Stoney Nakoda First Nation | Morrin | 4,703 |
| Blackfoot Confederacy | Stand Off | 2,583 |
Current Challenges and Opportunities
Despite the challenges, many reserves in Alberta are working towards self-determination and economic development. The Indian Self-Government in Canada policy, introduced in 1995, has enabled some First Nations to take control of their own affairs, including education, healthcare, and land management. Additionally, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada has highlighted the need for reconciliation and redress for the historical injustices faced by Indigenous peoples.
Economic Development Initiatives
Several economic development initiatives are underway on reservations in Alberta, including renewable energy projects, tourism, and agriculture. For example, the Peavine Metis Settlement has established a successful wind energy project, which generates revenue and creates jobs for community members. Similarly, the Stoney Nakoda First Nation has developed a tourism industry, which showcases the community’s rich cultural heritage and natural beauty.
In conclusion, reservations in Alberta are an integral part of the province's history and ongoing efforts towards reconciliation. While challenges persist, many reserves are working towards self-determination and economic development. It is essential for Canadians to understand the complex history and current realities of reservations in Alberta, and to support initiatives that promote reconciliation and Indigenous self-determination.
What are the main challenges faced by reservations in Alberta?
+Poor living conditions, limited access to education and healthcare, and high levels of unemployment are some of the main challenges faced by reservations in Alberta. Additionally, many reserves struggle with inadequate funding, lack of infrastructure, and limited economic opportunities.
How can Canadians support reconciliation and Indigenous self-determination?
+Canadians can support reconciliation and Indigenous self-determination by educating themselves about the history and current realities of reservations in Alberta. They can also support Indigenous-led initiatives, advocate for policy changes that benefit Indigenous peoples, and engage in respectful and inclusive dialogue with Indigenous communities.
