Pressure injuries, also known as pressure ulcers or bed sores, are localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction. Stage one pressure injury is the earliest stage of pressure injury, characterized by intact skin with a localized area of non-blanchable erythema, which may appear differently on darker skin tones. The key to preventing and healing stage one pressure injuries quickly is to identify the risk factors, implement preventive measures, and provide timely and appropriate treatment.
Understanding Stage One Pressure Injury
A stage one pressure injury is a warning sign that the skin is under stress and may progress to more severe stages if left untreated. The injury may feel warm or firm to the touch and may itch or hurt. It is essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of stage one pressure injury to prevent further damage. Early detection and intervention are critical in preventing the progression of pressure injuries. Non-blanchable erythema is a key characteristic of stage one pressure injury, which means that the skin does not turn white when pressed.
Risk Factors for Stage One Pressure Injury
Certain individuals are at higher risk of developing stage one pressure injuries, including those who are immobile or have limited mobility, have a neurological disorder that impairs sensation, have a circulatory disorder that impairs blood flow, or have a nutritional deficiency. Other risk factors include age, with older adults being more susceptible, and medical conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or heart disease.
| Risk Factor | Description |
|---|---|
| Immobilization | Individuals who are bedridden or have limited mobility are at higher risk |
| Neurological disorders | Conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, or multiple sclerosis can impair sensation |
| Circulatory disorders | Conditions such as peripheral artery disease or deep vein thrombosis can impair blood flow |
Prevention of Stage One Pressure Injury
Preventing stage one pressure injuries requires a multifaceted approach that includes repositioning, pressure-redistributing devices, and skin care. Repositioning involves turning or repositioning the individual every 2 hours to reduce pressure on vulnerable areas. Pressure-redistributing devices, such as mattresses or cushions, can help reduce pressure on the skin. Skin care involves keeping the skin clean and dry, and using topical agents to protect the skin and promote healing.
Pressure-Redistributing Devices
Pressure-redistributing devices are designed to reduce pressure on the skin and promote healing. These devices include foam mattresses, air-filled mattresses, and gel-filled mattresses. The choice of device depends on the individual’s specific needs and preferences. Static air mattresses are a type of pressure-redistributing device that uses air-filled cells to reduce pressure on the skin.
- Foam mattresses: Provide pressure redistribution and comfort
- Air-filled mattresses: Provide pressure redistribution and can be adjusted to individual needs
- Gel-filled mattresses: Provide pressure redistribution and can be used in conjunction with other devices
Treatment of Stage One Pressure Injury
Treatment of stage one pressure injury involves removing the cause of pressure, providing wound care, and promoting healing. Removing the cause of pressure involves repositioning the individual and using pressure-redistributing devices. Providing wound care involves keeping the skin clean and dry, and using topical agents to promote healing. Promoting healing involves managing pain, promoting nutrition, and preventing infection.
Promoting Healing
Promoting healing involves managing pain, promoting nutrition, and preventing infection. Pain management is essential to prevent discomfort and promote healing. Nutritional supplements can be used to promote wound healing and overall health. Preventing infection is critical to prevent the progression of pressure injuries.
What are the signs and symptoms of stage one pressure injury?
+The signs and symptoms of stage one pressure injury include intact skin with a localized area of non-blanchable erythema, which may appear differently on darker skin tones. The injury may feel warm or firm to the touch and may itch or hurt.
How can I prevent stage one pressure injury?
+Preventing stage one pressure injury requires a multifaceted approach that includes repositioning, pressure-redistributing devices, and skin care. Repositioning involves turning or repositioning the individual every 2 hours to reduce pressure on vulnerable areas.
