Tcp Full Form

The full form of TCP is Transmission Control Protocol. It is a fundamental protocol in the internet protocol suite that ensures reliable, error-checked, and sequential delivery of data between devices over IP networks. TCP is a transport-layer protocol that provides a connection-oriented service, meaning that a connection is established between the sender and receiver before data is sent.

How TCP Works

TCP works by breaking down data into small packets and assigning a sequence number to each packet. The packets are then transmitted over the network, and the receiving device sends an acknowledgement (ACK) packet back to the sender for each packet received. If a packet is lost or corrupted during transmission, the sender will retransmit the packet. This process ensures that data is delivered reliably and in the correct order.

TCP Header

The TCP header is a 20-byte header that is added to each packet. The header contains the following fields:

• Source port number: The port number of the sender
• Destination port number: The port number of the receiver
• Sequence number: The sequence number of the first byte of data in the packet
• Acknowledgement number: The sequence number of the next byte of data expected by the receiver
• Data offset: The size of the TCP header
• Reserved: Reserved for future use
• Flags: Control flags, such as SYN (synchronize), FIN (finish), and ACK
• Window: The size of the receive window
• Checksum: A checksum of the header and data
• Urgent pointer: A pointer to urgent data

TCP Connection Establishment

TCP connection establishment involves a three-way handshake between the sender and receiver. The steps are as follows:

1. The sender sends a SYN packet to the receiver to initiate the connection.
2. The receiver responds with a SYN-ACK packet, which includes its own sequence number and an acknowledgement of the sender's sequence number.
3. The sender responds with an ACK packet, which acknowledges the receiver's sequence number and completes the handshake.

TCP Connection Termination

TCP connection termination involves a four-way handshake between the sender and receiver. The steps are as follows:

1. The sender sends a FIN packet to the receiver to initiate the termination of the connection.
2. The receiver responds with an ACK packet, which acknowledges the sender's FIN packet.
3. The receiver sends a FIN packet to the sender to terminate its side of the connection.
4. The sender responds with an ACK packet, which acknowledges the receiver's FIN packet and completes the termination of the connection.